<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rochat, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigues, W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gantenbein, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">India: Including the Existing Informal Sector in a Clean e-Waste Channel</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waste Management Conference (WasteCon2008)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-waste</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">India</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Informal sector</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Material recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">recycling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06.10.2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ewasteguide.info/files/Rochat_2008_WasteCon.pdf</style></url><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ewasteguide.info/files/Rochat_2008_WasteCon_slides.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Durban, South Africa</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;Waste
electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) or e-waste is increasingly generated
and processed in India.
The waste originates from both national consumption (330’000 t) and waste
imports (50’000 t). In India
the e-waste processing and recycling is managed almost entirely (95%) by
informal recycling businesses. Due to the application of inappropriate
techniques, this sector bares high risks of environmental and occupational hazards
and also looses valuable materials. Formal recycling industries have to compete
with the informal businesses and simultaneously comply with environmental and
occupational regulations.&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span&gt;In Bangalore, the IT hub of India, the three newly-born formal
recycling industries compete with scrap dealers for the big lots of e-waste
from large companies, which result in material flowing into the uncontrolled
informal sector. Promoting e-waste disposal policies in companies reduces the
amount of e-waste flowing into the informal sector and creates incentives for
formalization.&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span&gt;The
formalization of the informal sector into a transparent recycling system is
crucial for a better control on environmental and human health impacts. In the
same time, it bears the advantage to profit from their network, allowing for a
better collection system, and preserves the employment generated in the poorest
strata of the population.&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span&gt;This paper
demonstrates a case study of assistance for the authorisation process with an
association of informal dismantlers. Alternate business models guiding the
association towards authorisation have been developed, where a city wide
collection system feeding the manual dismantling facility and an export
strategy towards best available technology facilities to yield higher revenue
from printed circuit boards are promoted. By replacing the traditional wet
chemical leaching process for the recovery of gold with the export towards
integrated smelters and refineries, safer practice and higher revenue per unit of
e-waste collected are generated. Further assistance for establishing collection
system and for complying with legal requirement will be necessary, as well as
monitoring of the recycling processes to ensure their reputation after being
authorised.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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